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CHAPTER 3:First Week of Development Ovulation to Implantation.
Clinical Correlates
Ovulation & Contraception
Source — Langman’s Medical Embryology (UHS Recommended)
1. Ovulation
Mittelschmerz
During ovulation, some women feel a slight pain.
This pain is called mittelschmerz.
The term mittelschmerz is German for “middle pain.”
Reason for the name
It occurs near the middle of the menstrual cycle.
Rise in Basal Temperature
Ovulation is generally accompanied by:
Rise in basal body temperature
This temperature rise can be monitored to help couples:
Become pregnant
Prevent FOR MORE
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The first week of human development begins with ovulation, where a secondary oocyte is released from the ovary and enters the fallopian tube. Fertilization typically occurs in the ampulla of the uterine tube when a sperm penetrates the oocyte, forming a zygote. This marks the beginning of embryonic development.
Following fertilization, the zygote undergoes rapid mitotic divisions known as cleavage, producing smaller cells called blastomeres. By day 3–4, the embryo forms a solid ball of cells known as the morula. As it continues to divide, a fluid-filled cavity develops, transforming it into a blastocyst by day 5.
The blastocyst consists of an inner cell mass (embryoblast), which forms the embryo, and an outer cell layer (trophoblast), which contributes to placenta formation. Around day 6–7, the blastocyst begins implantation into the endometrial lining of the uterus.
The trophoblast differentiates into cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast, with the latter playing a crucial role in invasion and secretion of hCG to maintain pregnancy. Successful implantation is essential for embryonic survival and further development.
These notes highlight the sequence of events, important timelines, and clinically relevant points, making them ideal for quick revision and exam preparation.
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