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Contraception refers to methods used to prevent pregnancy, and it is broadly classified into natural, barrier, hormonal, and surgical methods. Each category has distinct mechanisms of action, effectiveness, and clinical considerations, making it a high-yield topic for exams.
Natural methods include fertility awareness-based techniques such as the rhythm method, basal body temperature monitoring, and coitus interruptus. These methods rely on avoiding intercourse during fertile periods but have relatively higher failure rates.
Barrier methods physically prevent sperm from reaching the ovum. These include male and female condoms, diaphragms, and cervical caps. Condoms also provide protection against sexually transmitted infections (STIs), making them especially important in public health.
Hormonal methods work by suppressing ovulation, thickening cervical mucus, and altering the endometrium. These include combined oral contraceptive pills, progestin-only pills, injectables, implants, and hormonal intrauterine devices (IUDs). They are highly effective when used correctly.
Surgical methods provide permanent contraception and include vasectomy in males and tubal ligation in females. These are ideal for individuals who have completed their families.
Choosing the appropriate method depends on patient preference, medical history, and contraindications. This conceptual diagram provides a quick, visual summary of all major contraception methods, helping students revise efficiently for MBBS and USMLE exams.
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