NOTE:👀 For a better view, tap/click the image to zoom and read all details.
- Long tap on the image to download it (Mobile) 📱
- Right-click on the image and select “Save Image As…” to download it (Desktop) 💻
Anemia is defined as a reduction in hemoglobin concentration or red blood cell (RBC) count, leading to decreased oxygen delivery to tissues. It is an essential topic in hematology with strong clinical and exam relevance.
Anemia is commonly classified based on mean corpuscular volume (MCV) into microcytic, normocytic, and macrocytic types. Microcytic anemia is most often caused by iron deficiency, thalassemia, and anemia of chronic disease. Normocytic anemia includes acute blood loss, hemolysis, and chronic illness. Macrocytic anemia is usually due to vitamin B12 or folate deficiency and is associated with megaloblastic changes.
Clinically, patients present with fatigue, pallor, weakness, shortness of breath, and tachycardia. Specific features such as koilonychia (iron deficiency) and neurological deficits (vitamin B12 deficiency) can help identify the underlying cause.
Diagnosis involves laboratory investigations including complete blood count (CBC), peripheral blood smear, reticulocyte count, and iron studies. MCV is a key parameter that guides further evaluation and helps narrow down the differential diagnosis.
This conceptual image summarizes classification, causes, and diagnostic pathways in a visually organized format, enabling students to quickly revise and retain key information for exams.
For more posts like this just click on the below topics: